SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Directive Principles</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Directive Principles</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;">

<b><a href="Preamble_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Preamble to the Constitution of India">Preamble</a></b></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Constitution_of_India#Parts" title="Constitution of India">Parts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="Part_I_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Part I of the Constitution of India">I</a> ∙ <a href="Part_II_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part II of the Constitution of India">II</a> ∙ <a href="Part_III_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part III of the Constitution of India">III</a> ∙ <a href="Part_IV_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part IV of the Constitution of India">IV</a> ∙ <a href="Part_IVA_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part IVA of the Constitution of India">IVA</a> ∙ V ∙ VI ∙ VII <br> VIII ∙ <a href="Part_IX_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part IX of the Constitution of India">IX</a> ∙ <a href="Part_IXA_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part IXA of the Constitution of India">IXA</a> ∙ IXB ∙ <a href="Part_X_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part X of the Constitution of India">X</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XI_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XI of the Constitution of India">XI</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XII_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XII of the Constitution of India">XII</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XIII_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XIII of the Constitution of India">XIII</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XIV_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XIV of the Constitution of India">XIV</a> <br> XIVA ∙ <a href="Part_XV_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XV of the Constitution of India">XV</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XVI_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XVI of the Constitution of India">XVI</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XVII_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XVII of the Constitution of India">XVII</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XVIII_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XVIII of the Constitution of India">XVIII</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XIX_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XIX of the Constitution of India">XIX</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XX_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XX of the Constitution of India">XX</a> ∙ <a href="Part_XXI_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XXI of the Constitution of India">XXI</a> <br> <a href="Part_XXII_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part XXII of the Constitution of India">XXII</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendments</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">List</a> ∙ <a href="First_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="First Amendment of the Constitution of India">1</a> ∙ <a href="Second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Second Amendment of the Constitution of India">2</a> ∙ <a href="Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Third Amendment of the Constitution of India">3</a> ∙ <a href="Fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">4</a> ∙ <a href="Fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">5</a> ∙ <a href="Sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">6</a> ∙ <a href="Seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">7</a> ∙ <a href="Eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">8</a> ∙ <a href="Ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">9</a> ∙ <a href="Tenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">10</a> ∙ <a href="Eleventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">11</a> ∙ <a href="Twelfth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of India">12</a> ∙ <a href="Thirteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">13</a> ∙ <a href="Fourteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">14</a> ∙ <a href="Fifteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">15</a> ∙ <a href="Sixteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">16</a> ∙ <a href="Seventeenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">17</a> ∙ <a href="Eighteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">18</a> ∙ <a href="Nineteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India">19</a> ∙ <a href="Twentieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twentieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">20</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twenty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">21</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">22</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">23</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">24</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">25</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">26</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">27</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">28</a> ∙ <a href="Twenty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">29</a> ∙ <a href="Thirtieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirtieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">30</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">31</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">32</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">33</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">34</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">35</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">36</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">37</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">38</a> ∙ <a href="Thirty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">39</a> ∙ <a href="Fortieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">40</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">41</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">42</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">43</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">44</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">45</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">46</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">47</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">48</a> ∙ <a href="Forty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">49</a> ∙ <a href="Fiftieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiftieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">50</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">51</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">52</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">53</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">54</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">55</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">56</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">57</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">58</a> ∙ <a href="Fifty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">59</a> ∙ <a href="Sixtieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Sixtieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">60</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Sixty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">61</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Sixty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">62</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">63</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">64</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">65</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">66</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">67</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">68</a> ∙ <a href="Sixty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">69</a> ∙ <a href="Seventieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">70</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Seventy-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">71</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">72</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">73</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Seventy-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">74</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">75</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">76</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">77</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">78</a> ∙ <a href="Seventy-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Seventy-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">79</a> ∙ <a href="Eightieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eightieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">80</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">81</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">82</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">83</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">84</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">85</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">86</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">87</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">88</a> ∙ <a href="Eighty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">89</a> ∙ <a href="Ninetieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninetieth Amendment of the Constitution of India">90</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-first_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninety-first Amendment of the Constitution of India">91</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">92</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-third Amendment of the Constitution of India">93</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">94</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">95</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninety-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">96</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-seventh_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninety-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India">97</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">98</a> ∙ <a href="Ninety-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Ninety-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">99</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundredth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="One Hundredth Amendment of the Constitution of India">100</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundred_and_First_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India">101</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundred_and_Second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Second Amendment of the Constitution of India">102</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundred_and_Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India">103</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundred_and_Fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">104</a> ∙ <a href="One_Hundred_and_Fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India">105</a> ∙ <a href="Women's_Reservation_Bill_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Reservation Bill 2023">106</a></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><a href="Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitution_bench_(India)" title="Constitution bench (India)">Constitution bench (India)</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_List" title="Union List">Union List</a></li>

<li><a href="State_List" title="State List">State List</a></li>

<li><a href="Concurrent_List" title="Concurrent List">Concurrent List</a></li>

<li><a href="Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li>

<li><a href="Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">Uniform civil code</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em; border: 4px double #D4AF37;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FF671F; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><small><a href="Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics of India</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Constitution</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<ul><li><a href="Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendment</a></li>

<li><a href="Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Fundamental_Rights%2C_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br> Fundamental Duties of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li>

<li><a href="Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<ul><li><b><a href="President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> (<a href="List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">15th</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>vacant</i> <small>(<a href="List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">List of Vice Presidents of India</a>)</small></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">14th</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet secretary</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="T._V._Somanathan" title="T. V. Somanathan">T. V. Somanathan</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Ministries</a>

<ul><li><a href="Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Ministers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Departments</a>

<ul><li><a href="Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Parliament</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">18th</a>)</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Leader_of_the_House_(Lok_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (<a href="Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li>Utpal Kumar Singh</li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<a href="List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members</a>)</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>vacant</i></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Harivansh_Narayan_Singh" title="Harivansh Narayan Singh">Harivansh Narayan Singh</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a> (<a href="Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a> (<a href="Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Pramod_Chandra_Mody" title="Pramod Chandra Mody">Pramod Chandra Mody</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li>

<li><a href="L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Law and judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Indian_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian criminal law">Indian criminal law</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</a></li>

<li><a href="Bharatiya_Nagarik_Suraksha_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</a></li>

<li><a href="Bharatiya_Sakshya_Act%2C_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023">Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">Code of Civil Procedure</a></b></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="List_of_Chief_Justices_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of India">51st</a>)</b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Sanjiv_Khanna" title="Sanjiv Khanna">Sanjiv Khanna</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_Court_Bar_Association_(India)" title="Supreme Court Bar Association (India)">Bar Association</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li>

<li><a href="District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District Court</a>

<li><a href="Gram_Nyayalayas_Act%2C_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalaya</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Court</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyaya_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Panchayat">Nyaya Panchayat</a></li>

<li><a href="Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Other tribunals</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Minister</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney-General</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="R._Venkataramani" title="R. Venkataramani">R. Venkataramani</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Tushar_Mehta" title="Tushar Mehta">Tushar Mehta</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission" title="National Judicial Appointments Commission">National Judicial Appointments Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Legal_Services_Authority" title="National Legal Services Authority">National Legal Services Authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Elections and politics</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Gyanesh_Kumar" title="Gyanesh Kumar">Gyanesh Kumar</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Sukhbir_Singh_Sandhu" title="Sukhbir Singh Sandhu">Sukhbir Singh Sandhu</a></li>

<li><a href="Vivek_Joshi" title="Vivek Joshi">Vivek Joshi</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Indian_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a> </b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian vice presidential elections">Vice Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Lok Sabha elections</a> (<a href="List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a>)</b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="List of Rajya Sabha elections">Rajya Sabha elections</a></b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="State_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State Assembly elections in India">State Assembly elections</a></b></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li>National coalitions

<li><a href="Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National parties</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_India#State_parties" title="List of political parties in India">State parties</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a> (<a href="List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals</a>)</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (India)">States</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li>

<li><a href="Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li>

<li><a href="Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li>

<li><a href="Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li>

<li><a href="Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li>

<li><a href="Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li>

<li><a href="Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li>

<li><a href="Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li>

<li><a href="Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li>

<li><a href="Punjab%2C_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li>

<li><a href="Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>

<li><a href="Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li>

<li><a href="Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">Union territories</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>

<li><a href="Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li>

<li><a href="Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>

<li><a href="Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li>

<li><a href="Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous Divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">Sub-districts</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_Development_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Development Block">Community Development Block</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Metropolitan Areas</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Urban Agglomerations</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">Executive</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a>

<li><a href="Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor/Administrator</a>

<li><a href="Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Minister</a>

<li><a href="List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy Chief Minister</a>

<li>Ministries</li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="State_legislature_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State legislature (India)">Legislative</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Legislative Council</a></li>

<li><a href="State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Legislative Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speaker</a>

<li><a href="Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">Local Government</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Governance</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Municipal_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of India">Municipal Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagar_Palika_(Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika (Municipality)">Municipality</a></li>

<li><a href="Town_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Panchayat">Town Panchayat</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="District_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="District Panchayat">District Panchayat</a></li>

<li><a href="Panchayat_Samiti_(Block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayat Samiti (Block)">Block Panchayat</a></li>

<li><a href="Gram_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram Panchayat">Gram Panchayat</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li>

<li><a href="Pabitra_Margherita" title="Pabitra Margherita">Pabitra Margherita</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><b><a href="Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Vinay_Mohan_Kwatra" title="Vinay Mohan Kwatra">Vinay Mohan Kwatra</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India</a> / <a href="List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li>

<li><a href="Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas Citizenship</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Passports</a></li>

<li><a href="Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Visa_requirements_for_Indian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Indian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed">Foreign Relations</div></dt></dl>

<li><a href="Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li>

<li><a href="BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li>

<li><a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a></li>

<li><a href="India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li>

<li><a href="India_and_the_United_Nations" title="India and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Africa%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Africa–India relations">Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="India-Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li>

<li><a href="Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">Pacific Islands</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Indian_foreign_relations" title="History of Indian foreign relations">History</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Indian_extradition_treaties" title="List of Indian extradition treaties">Extradition Treaties</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_foreign_aid" title="Indian foreign aid">Foreign aid by India</a> / <a href="Foreign_aid_to_India" title="Foreign aid to India">to India</a></li>

<li><a href="India_sanctions" title="India sanctions">Sanctions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">State Visits by Indian Prime Ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_India" title="List of diplomatic visits to India">State Visits to India</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Kashmir_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Conflict">Kashmir Conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani Wars</a></li>

<li><a href="Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian Disputes</a></li>

<li><a href="Territorial_disputes_of_India_and_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial disputes of India and Nepal">Disputes with Nepal</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Foreign_policy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of India">Foreign Policy</a></div></dt></dl>

<li><a href="Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network project</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government">Indira Gandhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">

<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AIndia" title="Portal:India">India portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;">

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Directive Principles of State Policy of India</b> are the guidelines to be followed by the government of India for the governance of the country. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down there are considered "fundamental" in the governance of the country, which makes it the duty of the State<sup id="cite_ref-State_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the <a href="Constitution_of_Ireland#Directive_Principles_of_Social_Policy" title="Constitution of Ireland">Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland</a> which are related to <a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, <a href="Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">economic welfare</a>, <a href="Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, and legal and administrative matters.

</p><p>Directive Principles are classified under the following categories: Economic and Socialistic, Political and Administrative, Justice and Legal, Environmental, Protection of Monuments, Peace and Security.

</p><p>The <a href="History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History of Ireland</a>, particularly the <a href="Irish_Home_Rule_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Home Rule Movement">Irish Home Rule Movement</a>; hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the <a href="Constitution_of_Ireland#Directive_Principles_of_Social_Policy" title="Constitution of Ireland">Directive Principles of Social Policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of such policies "can be traced to the <a href="Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> proclaimed by <a href="French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolutionary France</a> and the Declaration of Independence by the American Colonies."<sup id="cite_ref-MVPylee_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVPylee-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

The Indian constitution was also influenced by the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.

</p><p>Indians, who were seeking independence from British rule and their own government, were particularly influenced by the independence of Ireland from British rule and the development of the Irish constitution. Also, the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Irish Constitution were looked upon by the people of India as an inspiration for the independent Indian Government to comprehensively tackle complex social and economic challenges across a vast, diverse nation and population.

</p><p>In 1928, the <a href="Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Commission</a> composing of representatives of all Indian political parties, proposed constitutional reforms for India that apart from calling for <a href="Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> status for India and elections under universal suffrage, would guarantee rights deemed fundamental, representation for religious and ethnic minorities, and limit the powers of the government. In 1931, the <a href="Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (the largest Indian political party of the time) adopted resolutions committing itself to the defence of fundamental civil rights, as well as socio-economic rights such as the <a href="Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> and the abolition of <a href="Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchability</a> and <a href="Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> committing themselves to <a href="Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> & <a href="Gandhian_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhian philosophy">Gandhian philosophy</a>.

</p><p>When India obtained Independence on 15 August 1947, the task of developing a constitution for the Nation was undertaken by the <a href="Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a>, composing of elected representatives under the presidency of <a href="Dr._Rajendra_Prasad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Rajendra Prasad">Dr. Rajendra Prasad</a>. While members of Congress composed of a large majority, Congress leaders appointed persons from diverse political backgrounds to responsibilities of developing the constitution and national laws.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, <a href="Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar</a> became the chairperson of the drafting committee, while <a href="Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and <a href="Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a> became chairperson of committees and sub-committees responsible for different subjects. A notable development during that period having significant effect on the Indian constitution took place on 10 December 1948 when the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> adopted the <a href="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> and called upon all member States to adopt these rights in their respective constitutions.

</p><p>Both the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy were included in the I Draft Constitution (February 1948), the II Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and the III and final Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the <a href="Constitution_of_India#Drafting" title="Constitution of India">Drafting Committee</a>.

</p><p>Directive Principles are affirmative directions and are non - justiciable. However, this does not mean that they are subordinate to fundamental rights; Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles go hand in hand. Article 37 of the Constitution of India talks about the application of Directive Principles provided under <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 36</a> to <a href="Article_51_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 51 of the Constitution of India">Article 51</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div>

<p>While debating on DPSP in the <a href="Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly</a>, <a href="B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Dr. Ambedkar</a> stated on 19 November 1948 as given below highlighting that the DPSP shall be the basis of future governance of the country:<sup id="cite_ref-animated_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>It is the intention of this Assembly that in future both the legislature and the executive should not merely pay lip service to these principles enacted in this part, but that they should be made the basis of all executive and legislative action that may be taken hereafter in the matter of the governance of the country.</i></p></blockquote>

<p>Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a <a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>. Though the Directive Principles are non-justiciable <a href="Rights" title="Rights">rights</a> of the people but fundamental in the governance of the country, it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 37</a>. Besides, all <a href="Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive agencies</a> of union and states should also be guided by these principles.<sup id="cite_ref-State_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the <a href="Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> has to keep them in mind in deciding cases.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>An existing policy in line with DPSP can not be reversed, however it can be expanded further in line with DPSP. The policy changes applicable under DPSP shall not be reversible unless the applicable DPSP is deleted by constitutional amendment (ex. prohibition implemented once in a state can not be repealed later as long as it is part of DPSP).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directives">Directives</h2></div>

<p>The directive principles ensure that the State<sup id="cite_ref-State_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shall strive to promote the <a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare of the people</a> by securing a social order in which <a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">social</a>, <a href="Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">economic</a> and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life as per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 38 (1)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-animated_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Ambedkar clarified as given below in the Constituent Assembly debates on Article 38 highlighting its inevitable implementation.

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>... The word 'strive' which occurs in the Draft Constitution, in judgement, is very important. We have used it because our intention is even when there are circumstances which prevent the Government, or which stand in the way of the Government giving effect to these Directive Principles, they shall, even under hard and unpropitious circumstances, always strive in the fulfilment of these Directives. That is why we have used the word 'strive'. Otherwise, it would be open for any Government to say that the circumstances are so bad, that the finances are so inadequate that we cannot even make an effort in the direction in which the Constitution asks us to go.</i></p></blockquote>

<p>Also, the State shall strive to minimise the inequalities in income and endeavor to eliminate <a href="Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> as well as inequalities in status and opportunities, not only among individuals but also among groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 38 (2)</a>. The State shall aim for securing the right to an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, both men and women as well as <a href="Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">equal pay for equal work</a> for both men and women. The State should work to prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands, and try to ensure that ownership and control of the material resources is distributed to best serve the common good. <a href="Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a> and <a href="Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">exploitation of workers</a> should be prevented. Children should be allowed to develop in a healthy manner and should be protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 39</a>. The State shall provide free <a href="Legal_aid" title="Legal aid">legal aid</a> to ensure that equal opportunities for securing justice is ensured to all, and is not denied by reason of economic or other disabilities per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 39A</a>. The State shall also work for the organisation of village <a href="Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">panchayats</a> and help enable them to function as units of self-government per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 40</a>. The State shall endeavour to provide the <a href="Right_to_work" title="Right to work">right to work</a>, <a href="Right_to_education" title="Right to education">to education</a> and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, within the limits of economic capacity per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 41</a> as well as provide for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 42</a>.

</p><p>The State should also ensure a living wage and proper <a href="Working_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Working condition">working conditions</a> for workers, with full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural activities. Also, the promotion of <a href="Cottage_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottage industry">cottage industries</a> in rural areas is one of the obligations of the State per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 43</a> The State shall take steps to promote their participation in the management of industrial undertakings per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 43A</a>.

</p><p>Also, the State shall endeavor to secure a <a href="Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">uniform civil code</a> for all citizens per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 44</a> and provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 45</a>. This directive regarding education of children was updated by the <a href="Constitution_of_India#Amendments" title="Constitution of India">86th Amendment Act, 2002</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86amact_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86amact-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should work for the economic and educational upliftment of <a href="Scheduled_Castes_and_Tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Castes and Tribes">scheduled castes</a>, <a href="Scheduled_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribe">scheduled tribes</a> and <a href="Other_Backward_Classes" class="mw-redirect" title="Other Backward Classes">other weaker sections</a> of the society per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 46</a>.

</p><p>The directive principles commit the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health, particularly by prohibiting intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health except for medicinal purposes per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 47</a>. It should also organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines by improving breeds and prohibiting the slaughter of <a href="Cows" class="mw-redirect" title="Cows">cows</a>, <a href="Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">calves</a>, other milch and draught cattle per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 48</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 48A</a>. This directive, regarding the protection of forests and wildlife, was added by the <a href="Constitution_of_India#Amendments" title="Constitution of India">42nd Amendment Act, 1976</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42amact_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42amact-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Protection of monuments, places and objects of historic and artistic interest and national importance against destruction and damage per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 49</a> and separation of judiciary from the executive in public services per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 50</a> are also the obligations of the State as laid down in the directive principles.

</p><p>Finally <a href="Article_51_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 51 of the Constitution of India">Article 51</a> ensure that the State shall strive for the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security, just and honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

</p><p>The judiciary is not part of the state as defined in Article 36 to claim non-applicability of DPSP (Part IV of the constitution) under Article 37 wherever applicable to it.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2></div>

<p>There is no need of any constitutional amendment and simple legislation by the Parliament is adequate to implement the Directive Principles as applicable laws per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_XI" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part XI">Article 245</a> as they are already enshrined in the constitution. The State has made few efforts till now to implement the Directive Principles.

</p><p>The Programme of Universalisation of Elementary Education and the <a href="Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">five-year plans</a> has been accorded the highest priority in order to provide free <a href="Education_in_India" title="Education in India">education</a> to all children up to the age of 14 years. <a href="List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">The 86th constitutional amendment</a> of 2002 inserted a new article, Article 21-A, into the Constitution, that seeks to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.<sup id="cite_ref-86amact_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86amact-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welfare schemes for the weaker sections are being implemented both by the Central and State governments. These include programmes such as boys' and girls' <a href="Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a> for <a href="Scheduled_Castes_and_Tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Castes and Tribes">scheduled castes</a>' or <a href="Scheduled_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribes">scheduled tribes</a>' students.<sup id="cite_ref-pgA44_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pgA44-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year 1990–1991 was declared as the "Year of Social Justice" in the memory of <a href="B.R._Ambedkar" class="mw-redirect" title="B.R. Ambedkar">B.R. Ambedkar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government provides free textbooks to students belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes pursuing medicine and engineering courses. During 2002–2003, a sum of <a href="Rupee" title="Rupee">Rs.</a> 47.7 million was released for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-pgA45_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pgA45-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order that scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are protected from atrocities, the Government enacted the <a href="Scheduled_Caste_and_Scheduled_Tribe_(Prevention_of_Atrocities)_Act%2C_1989" title="Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989">Prevention of Atrocities Act</a>, which provided severe punishments for such atrocities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Several Land Reform Acts were enacted to provide ownership rights to poor farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to September 2001, more than 20,000,000 acres (80,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land had been distributed to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and the landless poor. The thrust of banking policy in India has been to improve banking facilities in the rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage"><i>Minimum Wages Act</i></a> of 1948 empowers government to fix minimum wages for employees engaged in various employments.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Consumer_Protection_Act_of_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Protection Act of 1986">Consumer Protection Act of 1986</a> provides for the better protection of consumers. The act is intended to provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to the consumers' grievances, award relief and compensation wherever appropriate to the consumer. The <i>Equal Remuneration Act</i> of 1976, provides for equal pay for equal work for both men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana</i> was launched in 2001 to attain the objective of gainful employment for the rural poor. The programme was implemented through the <a href="Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">Panchayati Raj institutions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">Panchayati Raj</a> now covers almost all <a href="States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states and Union territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One-third of the total number of seats have been reserved for women in Panchayats at every level; in the case of <a href="Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, half the seats have been reserved for women.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal aid at the expense of the State has been made compulsory in all cases pertaining to criminal law, if the accused is too poor to engage a lawyer. <a href="Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a> has been separated from the executive in all the states and Union territories except <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and <a href="Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pgA45_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pgA45-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>India's Foreign Policy has also to some degree been influenced by the DPSPs. India, in the past has condemned all acts of <a href="Aggression" title="Aggression">aggression</a> and has also supported the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>' peace-keeping activities. By 2004, the <a href="Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> had participated in 37 UN peace-keeping operations. India played a key role in the passing of a UN resolution in 2003, which envisaged better co-operation between the <a href="Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a> and the troop-contributing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India has also been in favour of nuclear disarmament.<sup id="cite_ref-pgA45_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pgA45-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Article 38 (1)</a>, <a href="Justice_delayed_is_justice_denied" title="Justice delayed is justice denied">prompt rendering of the justice</a> by courts is part of animating judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rendering prompt justice is the foremost purpose of the constitution as enshrined in the <a href="Preamble_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Preamble to the Constitution of India">Preamble to the constitution</a> also.<sup id="cite_ref-animated_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animated-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the judiciary is failing dismally in this respect by causing inordinate delay considering time of rendering justice in a case arbitrarily is its constitutional liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amendments">Amendments</h2></div>

<p>Changes in Directive Principles require a <a href="Constitution_of_India#Amendments" title="Constitution of India">Constitutional amendment</a> which has to be passed by a special majority of both houses of the <a href="Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>. This means that an amendment requires the approval of two-thirds of the members present and voting and by the <a href="Majority" title="Majority">absolute majority</a> of the house – whether the <a href="Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> or <a href="Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><b>Article 31-C</b>, amended by the <a href="Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">42nd Amendment Act of 1976</a> seeking to upgrade the DPSPs. If laws are made to give effect to any of the Directive Principles overriding <a href="Fundamental_Rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental Rights in India">Fundamental Rights</a>, they shall not be invalid on the grounds that they take away the Fundamental Rights. In <a href="Minerva_Mills_v._Union_of_India" title="Minerva Mills v. Union of India">Minerva Mills v. Union of India</a> case, <a href="Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> ruled that 42nd Amendment Act to the Article 31C is not valid and <a href="Ultra_vires" title="Ultra vires">ultra vires</a>.</li>

<li><b>Articles 38 (2)</b>, was added by the <a href="Forty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978</a> of the Constitution</li>

<li><b>Articles 39A</b>, which directs the state to secure <i>Equal justice and free legal aid</i>, was added by the <a href="Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976</a> of the Constitution</li>

<li><b>Articles 43A</b>, which directs the state to secure <i>Participation of workers in management of industries</i>, was added by the <a href="Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976</a> of the Constitution</li>

<li><b>Articles 43B</b>, which directs the state to strive for <i>Promotion of co-operative societies</i>, was added by the Ninety-Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><b>Article 45</b>, which ensures <i>Provision for early childhood care and free education for all children until they complete six years of age</i>, was added by the <a href="Eighty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India">86th Amendment Act, 2002</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86amact_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86amact-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><b>Article 48A</b>, which ensures <i>Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life</i>, was added by the <a href="Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976</a></li>

<li><b>Articles 49</b>, was modified by the <a href="States_Reorganisation_Act%2C_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">Seventh Amendment Act, 1956</a> of the Constitution</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Fundamental_Rights%2C_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Fundamental_Rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental Rights in India">Fundamental Rights in India</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">List of amendments of the Constitution of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Writs" class="mw-redirect" title="Writs">Writs in Indian law</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

<li id="cite_note-State-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-State_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The term "State" includes all authorities within the territorial periphery of India: the <a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, the <a href="Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>, the Government and legislature of the <a href="States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">states of India</a>.

To avoid confusion with the term <a href="States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states and territories of India</a>, State (encompassing all the authorities in India) has been capitalized, and the term <a href="States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">state</a> is in lower case.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), <i>Indian History, World Developments and Civics</i>, pg. A-39</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFPylee1999" class="citation book cs1">Pylee, M.V. (1999). <i>India's Constitution</i>. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>81-219-1907-X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Rajmohan. <i>Patel: A Life</i>. p. 206.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-constitution-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUNI" class="citation web cs1"><a href="United_News_of_India" title="United News of India">UNI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/freedom/22patel.htm">"Sardar Patel was the real architect of the Constitution"</a>. <i>Rediffmail.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-animated-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-animated_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animated_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animated_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/682692/">"Constituent Assembly of India – Volume VII"</a>. 19 November 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), <i>Indian History, World Developments and Civics</i>, pg. A-39 to A-40</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinha, Savita, Das, Supta & Rashmi, Neeraja (2005), <i>Social Science – Part II</i>, pg. 29</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-86amact-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-86amact_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86amact_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-86amact_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend86.htm">86th Amendment Act, 2002</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-eighty-sixth-amendment-act-2002">"The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 | National Portal of India"</a>. <i>www.india.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/in00000_.html">"ICL - India - Constitution"</a>. <i>www.servat.unibe.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42amact-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42amact_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend42.htm">42nd Amendment Act, 1976</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pgA44-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pgA44_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), <i>Indian History, World Developments and Civics</i>, pg. A-44</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060505044856/http://ambedkarfoundation.nic.in/html/bharat.htm">"Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar"</a>. <i>ambedkarfoundation.nic.in</i>. <a href="Dr._Ambedkar_Foundation" title="Dr. Ambedkar Foundation">Dr. Ambedkar Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ambedkarfoundation.nic.in/html/bharat.htm">the original</a> on 5 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pgA45-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pgA45_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pgA45_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pgA45_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), <i>Indian History, World Developments and Civics</i>, pg. A-45</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/india/India994-18.htm">"<i>Prevention of Atrocities Act</i>, 1995"</a>. <i>hrw.org</i>. Human Rights Watch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend40.htm">40th Amendment Act, 1976</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701042602/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es97-98/chap32.pdf">"Banking Policy and Trends"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>indiabudget.nic.in</i>. Union Budget and Economic Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiabudget.nic.in/es97-98/chap32.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615184845/http://helplinelaw.com/bareact/index.php?dsp=min-wages">"<i>Minimum Wages Act</i>, 1948"</a>. <i>helplinelaw.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helplinelaw.com/bareact/index.php?dsp=min-wages">the original</a> on 15 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060322114700/http://www.indialawinfo.com/bareacts/equal.html">"<i>Equal Remuneration Act</i>, 1976"</a>. <i>indialawinfo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indialawinfo.com/bareacts/equal.html">the original</a> on 22 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701042602/http://rural.nic.in/book01-02/ch-2.pdf">"<i>Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana</i>, 2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>rural.nic.in</i>. Ministry of Rural Development, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rural.nic.in/book01-02/ch-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070730124131/http://www.empowerpoor.org/backgrounder.asp?report=164">"Panchayati Raj in India"</a>. <i>empowerpoor.org</i>. Poorest Areas Civil Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empowerpoor.org/backgrounder.asp?report=164">the original</a> on 30 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend73.htm">73rd Amendment Act, 1992</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205213518/http://www.newpaltz.edu/asianstudies/nycas/2004%20UG%20Ryan%20Prize%20Alexandra%20Geertz.pdf">"Seat Reservation for Women in Local Panchayats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newpaltz.edu/asianstudies/nycas/2004%20UG%20Ryan%20Prize%20Alexandra%20Geertz.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504184925/http://www.un.int/india/india_and_the_un_pkeeping.html">"Indian and United Nations"</a>. Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/india/india_and_the_un_pkeeping.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429071718/http://data.worldjusticeproject.org/">"Rule of law index, 2016"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldjusticeproject.org/">the original</a> on 29 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRanjan2016" class="citation news cs1">Ranjan, Brajesh (25 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/what-causes-judicial-delay-judgments-diluting-timeframes-in-code-of-civil-procedure-worsen-the-problem-of-adjournments/">"What causes judicial delay? Judgements diluting time frames in Code of Civil Procedure worsen the problem of adjournments"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=81715">"Press Information Bureau"</a>. <i>pib.nic.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20231004021119/https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/2002_0.pdf">"The Gazette of India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.education.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/2002_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBasu1988" class="citation cs2">Basu, Durga Das (1988), <i>Shorter constitution of India</i>, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBasu1993" class="citation cs2">Basu, Durga Das (1993), <i>Introduction to the constitution of India</i>, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLaski2019" class="citation cs2">Laski, kpsc home (2019), <i>Directive principle of state policy key notes</i>, Delhi: kpsc home</cite></li>

<li><i><a href="Maneka_Gandhi_v._Union_of_India" title="Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India">Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India</a></i>; AIR 1978 S.C. 597, (1978).</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPylee1999" class="citation cs2">Pylee, M.V. (1999), <i>India's constitution</i>, New Delhi: S. Chand and Company, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>81-219-1907-X</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSinhaDasRashmi2005" class="citation cs2">Sinha, Savita; Das, Supta; Rashmi, Neeraja (2005), <i>Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class IX</i>, New Delhi: <a href="National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">National Council of Educational Research and Training</a>, India, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>81-7450-351-X</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSinghDubeyRashmiSrinivasan2005" class="citation cs2">Singh, J. P.; Dubey, Sanjay; Rashmi, Neeraja; Srinivasan, M. V. (2005), <i>Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class X</i>, New Delhi: <a href="National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">National Council of Educational Research and Training</a>, India, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>81-7450-373-0</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTayalJacob2005" class="citation cs2">Tayal, B.B.; Jacob, A. (2005), <i>Indian History, World Developments and Civics</i>, District <a href="Sirmaur_district" title="Sirmaur district">Sirmour</a>, <a href="Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>: Avichal Publishing Company, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>81-7739-096-1</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFO'FlahartyJ.D.M.1981" class="citation cs2">O'Flaharty, W.D.; J.D.M., Derrett (1981), <i>The Concept of Duty in Asia; African Charter on Human and People's Right of 1981</i></cite></li>

<li>Article 29 of <a href="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights"><i>Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</i></a>.</li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_IV" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV">Directive Principles</a> at Wikisource</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Directive_Principles&oldid=1288761950">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>